Alloy for arc-welding.



110 Drawing. Application filed June 16, 1915, Serial No. 34,402. RenewedMay 10, 1916. Serial No. 98,538.

UNITED STATES PATEN'I orrron.

DAVID-H. WILSON, OF PATEBSON, NEW JERSEY, AND SANSOM M. RODGERS, OFPITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA; SAID RODGERS ASSIGNOR TO SAID WILSON.

ALLOY FOR ABC-WELDING.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatwe, DAVID H. WILSON and SANsOM M. RODGERS, citizens ofthe United States, and residents, respectively, of Paterson, county ofBergen, State of New Jersey, and Pittsburgh, in the county of Alleghenyand State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Alloyfor ArdWelding, of which the following is a specification.

The object of our invention is an alloy for electric weldingparticularly with an arc. In electric welding with an arc, it has been.found that the welding metals employed as electrodes from which metal istrans ferred to the work, are so affected by the current that the finalweld lacks the desirable quality of ductility, strength and toughness.

One of the objects oi our invention is an alloy that overcomes thesediiiiculties and provides a weld that retains the ductility, strengthand toughness required for succesfully joining, repairing or otherwisetreating pieces of work so that the weld has characteristics similar tothose of the rest of the work.

Another purpose of our alloy is to provide a lower melting point therebyreducing the injurious efi'ect of the heat of the arc upon theWeldingmetal during its transfer across the arc, and reducing the amountof current necessary for welding.

Our invention also includes the method of using our alloy for Weldingiron or steel.

Our alloy consists preferably of steel or iron containing acomparatively large percentage of an ingredient having manganese likecharacteristics and a comparatively large percentageof an ingredienthaving those characteristics of copper capable of reducing the meltingpoint of the welding metal without interfering with the necessarytoughness and ductility of the-weld (in fact adding thereto). Such anadditional element may be copper or its equivalent. Nickel may bementioned as an equivalent.

Manganese and copper in relatively small quantities (insufiicient forour purpose) are common in steel and has therefore been used in weldingheretofore. But we believe that we are the discoverers that an excess ofmanganese and copper or their'equivalent in a welding alloy over theamount burned Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 13, 1916.

out in the arc has the effect of preserving 1stls'tength characteristicsthat are otherwise Carbon is commonly relied upon to give Steel strengthand toughness. The welding are sometimes reduces carbon to almostnegllgible quantities. The welding arc burns 1ron when used alone in anelectrode for weldlng. Suflicient carbon, homogeneously mlxed with ironin the electrode, helps protect the iron, but it is rapidly burned outby the arc. Manganese has greater powers or resistance to the are whenintroduced into the welding alloy. Suiiicient manganese protects thecarbon somewhat and the entlrely. Copper in proper quantities in thealloy, reduces the critical (or best) welding temperature withoutdetracting from the toughness of the weld, and helps protect the 1ronand to slightly protect the carbon. In fact proper quantities of copper(or equivalent) adds to the ductility, an add to the thoroughness oftheweid, perhaps through its inherent qualities, reducing thetemperature to which the ailoy is subject in the arc.

Our alloy may for purposes of illustration be composed of iron combined,with some .60% to 1.00% of manganese and 25% to 410% of copper, with.18% more or less of carbon. Good results are obtained with this alloywith a voltage of 35 and current of 90 amperes or thereabouts with anelectrode 15" diameter. Carbon may also be used 1n the alloy to anyextent desired, generally more or less proportionate to the manganese.These percentages are by no means absolute but are merely anillustration of the embodiment of our invention. The manganese mayinstead be as low as .50% and from there up to 1.50% Without losing theadvantages of the use of manganese when used with an are having atemperature enough only to transfer the metal in a plastic condition.lit may be possible, however, to use other percentages of manganese bythe other contents of the alloy, and the temperature of the are.

We do not intend to limit our invention to the specific proportionsabove-named nor do we set any specific limits to the field of ourinvention, for these limits may be varied with the diflerentcharacteristics red. may

perhaps by varying some of ent classes of ployed, the esthe employ ssnceof cur invention 1 ment of such. an excess of t e elements stated 5 thata substantial amount is retained in the It lies well within the field ofour invention to vary the carbon the manganese and the copper or itsequivalent or vary their proportions to each bther or to the current Iour invention to those metals for any other metals which are substantialequivalents of manganese and copper for the purposes stated may beubstituted.

It has been found desirable in arc welding to weld at the lowest arctemperature possible. The lower the arc temperature, the less the arcaffects the welding metal and the more evenly the metal flows, making amore uniform, solid and dense weld resulting in greater ductility andtoughness. It is therefore the effort of those developing this art toreduce the arc temperature to the lowest point that will accomplish thefunction of successful welding. Copper assists in this reduction.

The constituents of thealloy are proportioned preferably to secure thelowest temperature in the welding arc which will successfully transferthe metal from the welding electrode to the work and cause it to adherethereto. The addition of metal which will reduce the melting point ofthe alloy without decreasing the strength of the weld thus becomes acritical temperature reducing element which has the property of reducmgthe burning action on the difierent elements in the welding metal to theextent that they are not so much diminished dur-. ing the transfer ofthe welding metal from the electrode to the work.

The burning effect of the arc, and the various imperfections in the welddo not destroy the weld for it is satisfactory in spite of burning andporosity, for some purposes. Our invention aims to so improve the weldand its strength qualities as to widely increase its range ofusefulness.

What we claim is:

1. An alloy for electric welding with an are which is composed of ironhomogeneously combined with such an excess of a manganese-liketoughening agent as will retain in the welded joint such a quantitythereof as adds a substantial degree of toughness, and an additionalelement in said combination having copper characteristics capable ofsubstantially reducing the critical welding temperature withoutimpairing the toughness of the weld.

An alloy for electric arc wel rig com- .csed, of iron homogeneously so:ed with of manganese as .o be trans across an arc without suchdiminution as would substantially lose the degree of tensile strengthand ductility in surrounding steel having boiler plate characteristics;and an additional element in said combination having a coppercharacteristic capable of substantially reducing the critical weldingtemperature without materially impairing the toughness of the weld.

3. An alloy for electric welding with an are which is composed of ironhomogeneously combined with such an excess of manganese and copper overthe amount burned out in the are as will retain in the welded joint asubstantially additional degree of toughness and ductility due to saidexcess.

a. An alloy for electric arc welding of iron homogeneously combined withsuch an amount of manganese as to be transferred across an arc and leavein the weld an excess capable of providin the degree of tensile strengthand ductility in surrounding steel having boiler plate characteristics;and copper.

5. An electrode for electric arc welding composed of a homogeneous alloyof iron and of a manganese content of 1.00% or thereabouts and asubstantial degree of copper.

6. electrode for electric arc welding composed of a homogeneous alloy ofiron, of manganese and copper in greater quantity than that lost in thearc.

7. An electrode for electric arc welding composed of a homogeneous alloof iron, about 1.00% of manganese and a out 40% of copper.

8. An electrode for arc welding consisting in a homogeneous alloy havingmanganese and copper contents in excess of .50% manganese and .18%copper.

9. The method of electric welding which consists .in transferringwelding metal across an arc from an electrode of homogeneous metalhaving manganese and copper contents substantially in'excess of theamounts eliminated by the arc.

10. The method of electric welding which consists in transferringwelding metal across an arc from an electrode having a manganese contentsubstantially in excess of the amount lost inthe weld, and a coppercontent substantially reducing the critical temperature.

11. The method of electric welding which consists in transferringwelding metal across an arc from an electrode having a manganese contentsubstantially in execs of the amount lost in the weld, and a. coppercontent substantially reducing the critical temperature and increasingthe toughness of the weld.

III

12. The method of electric welding which consists in transferringwelding metal' across an arc of a current under 60 volts from anelectrode having a manganese content substantially in excess of .50%,and a copper content substantially in excess of .18%.

13. The method of electric welding with an are which consists intransferring weld-- ing metal across an arc at its best weldingtemperature from an electrode having manganese and copper contents inexcess of the amounts lost in the weld.

14. The method of electric welding with an arc which consists intransferring welding metal across an are from an electrode havingcontents possessing characteristics of manganese and copper withrelation to iron in preventing burning of the welding metal.

15. The method of electric welding with an are which consists intransferring welding metal across an are from an electrode havingcontents possessing characteristics of manganese and copper withrelation to iron in preventing burning of the welding metal and reducingthe critical temperature of welding.

16. The method of electric welding with an are which consists intransferring welding metal across an are from an electrode havingcontents possessing characteristics of manganese and copper withrelation to iron in preventing burning of the welding metal and addingtoughness to the weld.

17. The method of electric welding. with an are which consists intransferring welding metal across an are from an electrode havingcontents possessing characteristics of manganese and copper withrelation to iron in preventing burning of the welding metal, reducingthe critical temperature of welding and adding toughness to the weld.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this11th day of June, A. D. 1915.

DAVID H. WILSON, SANSOM M. RODGERS.

Witnesses:

MYRON F. HILL, A. L. TRAVIS.

